Judith Stones

Where is Mrs Stone Wesak my blender Water of Life

http://www.lds.org/scriptures
/bofm/pronunciation?lang=enghttp://perfectscienceorginalequineturkeyusa.blogspot.com/





http://illuminati-bloodlines.blogspot.com/2009/05/google-alert-missing-children_07.html

We put 300,000 .USD and 8 million plus we inventored the formula

Sarasota Clinic made in the USA

Daniel O' Connell legal Post to Flower of Life 1999 Drunvalo Ekvall

: My name is Daniel O'Connell and I am the attorney for Perfect Science in Turkey and the United States, as well as its subsidiary companies.

Recently, there have been many declarations published on the internet concerning Perfect Science. Some of what you have read is true and some of it is not.

I was in attendance at the Washington symposium with Dr. Mike Mickey.

Mr . Micheal Mickley PHD does speak for Perfect Science, as well as, Mr. Randall Miller Haydu , Internation Beef see original company in Istanbul 1992 funded by Ira Bogs , Randall Miller Oak Hurst Oak Hurst , NJ tel-phone 1-732-517-0328 200 Amper , NJ , USA
, Ms. Terry Welch, AL-Sheri my visa 1992 summer Iski ( Trevor Spenser appointment ) Ms Zarrin Tek Enerji Sol man Brother Oil my office .

Ms Zarrin work day and night on Iski with Randall , Andrew and Terry Welch see their phone , and Tel-phone across the street Haydu ( 800 number At & T collect ) and all so At& T Christmas 800 collect call I made a deal ( Ayhan , Terry , Andrew and Randall for the planet 198,000 free call to save the planet ) see Andrew Nixon Bill which we have . Paying only the tax 's we knew you try .

Tickets bought by Mohammed Al-Aquah Kuwait airline flight Orlando - Italy - Istanbul - Kuwait I stayed in Istanbul till Dec X mas Time leaving five month caring my child who was over due and had heart problem

and myself
Dan O'Connell 1-815-723-2909 .

Should you receive any information that you cannot verify as coming from these people or my clients, who are Perfect Science, then you should hold it suspect and check out the source.

I understand the unbridled enthusiasm associated with the science and I understand the two aspects of this enthusiasm. The higher aspect, of course, is to attain a clean environment and free ourselves, our homes and our earth of the poisons we have heaped upon ourselves.

The other aspect of this enthusiasm is quite obviously driven by fear, greed, and their misbegotten progeny, the lust for control.

Do not be misled by misguided information that has been coming through non-Perfect Science sources that may mean well.

Much good can happen especially if all of our personal egos can be kept out of the way.

Daniel F. O'Connell
Attorney at Law

1-815-723-2909

fax 1-815-838-2001

For Perfect Science AD Inc/ Perfect Science Inc / Perfect Science Boulder Inc

http://www.latimes.com/entertainment/news/la-et-kaballah-founders-story-part-two,0,4137283.htmlstory


Tel-phone 1-815-723-2909

The Monarchy of Spain, constitutionally referred to as The Crown and commonly referred to as the Spanish monarchy or (historically) Hispanic Monarchy, is a constitutional institution and a historic office of Spain.[1] The monarchy comprises a reigning King or Queen of Spain, their family, and the royal household organization which supports and facilitates the monarch in the exercise of his royal duties and prerogatives.[2][3][4] The monarchy is currently represented by King Juan Carlos I, his wife Queen Sofia, and their children and grandchildren.[2][4] Opinion polls routinely reveal that the monarchy remains popular by a wide majority of citizens in contemporary Spain,[5] with as many as 75% of Spanish citizens ranking the monarchy above any other public institution in the country.[6] In 2010, the budget for the Spanish monarchy was 7.4 million euros, one of the lowest public expenditures for the institution of monarchy in Europe.[7][8]

The Spanish Constitution of 1978 reestablished [1][9] a constitutional monarchy as the form of government for Spain. The 1978 constitution affirmed the role of the King of Spain as the personification and embodiment of the Spanish State and a symbol of Spain's enduring unity and permanence.[2][10] Constitutionally, the king is the head-of-state and commander-in-chief of the Spanish Armed Forces.[2][10] The constitution codifies the use of royal styles and titulary, royal prerogatives, hereditary succession to the crown, compensation, and a regency-guardianship contingency in cases of the monarch's minority or incapacitation.[2][10] According to the constitution, the monarch is also instrumental in promoting Ibero-American relations, the "nations of its historical community".[2][10] In this capacity, the King of Spain serves as the president of the Ibero-American States Organization, representing over 700,000,000 people in twenty-four member nations worldwide. In 2008, Juan Carlos I was considered the most popular leader in all Ibero-America.[6][11]

The Spanish monarchy has its roots in the Visigothic Kingdom founded in Spain and Aquitainia[12] in the 5th century, and its Christian successor states which fought the Reconquista following the Umayyad invasion of Hispania in the 8th century. A dynastic marriage between Isabel I of Castile and Ferdinand II of Aragon united Spain in the 15th century. The Spanish Empire became one of the first global powers as Queen Isabella and King Ferdinand funded Christopher Columbus's exploratory voyage across the Atlantic Ocean. This led to the rediscovery of America by Europeans, which became the focus of Spanish colonization. Juan Carlos I, current King of Spain, is descended directly from Robert of Hesbaye (770-807) through the male line, thus making the Spanish Royal Line the longest lived in the world, second only to the Japanese.


This is the order of the secret of the priesthood under the order of Healing

Second Book of Enoch

The Second Book of Enoch (also called "Slavonic Enoch") is apparently a Jewish sectarian work of the 1st century AD.[67] The last section of the work, the Exaltation of Melchizedek, tells how Melchizedek was born of a virgin, Sofonim (or Sopanima), the wife of Nir, a brother of Noah. The child came out from his mother after she had died and sat on the bed beside her corpse, already physically developed, clothed, speaking and blessing the Lord, and marked with the badge of priesthood. Forty days later, Melchizedek was taken by the archangel Gabriel (Michael in some manuscripts) to the Garden of Eden and was thus preserved from the Deluge without having to be in Noah's Ark.[68][69]

[edit] In Christianity

An image of Melchizedek painted onto the altar side near the Royal Doors at Libotin wooden church, Maramureş County, Romania

Melchizedek is commemorated as one of the Holy Forefathers in the Calendar of Saints of the Armenian Apostolic Church on July 26. He is mentioned in the Roman Canon, the First Eucharistic Prayer of the Roman rite, and also figures in the current Roman Martyrology, or Martyrologium Romanum as a commemoration on August 26.[70]

[edit] New Testament

Main article: Melchizedek priesthood

In the New Testament, references to Melchizedek appear only in the Letter to the Hebrews (later 1st century AD), though these are extensive (Hebrews 5: 6, 10; 6: 20; 7: 1, 10, 11, 15, 17, 21). Jesus Christ is there identified as a priest forever in the order of Melchizedek quoting from Ps. 110:4.[71] and so Jesus assumes the role of High Priest once and for all. Abraham's transfer of goods to Melchizedek is seen to imply that Melchizedek is superior to Abraham, in that Abraham is tithing to him. Thus, Melchizedek's (Jesus') priesthood is superior to the Aaronic priesthood, and the Temple in Jerusalem is now unnecessary.

[In Nag Hammadi Library

A collection of early Gnostic scripts dating on or before the 4th-century, discovered in 1945 and known as the Nag Hammadi Library, contains a tractate pertaining to Melchizedek. Here it is proposed that Melchizedek is Jesus Christ.[72] Melchizedek, as Jesus Christ, lives, preaches, dies and is resurrected, in a gnostic perspective. The Coming of the Son of God Melchizedek speaks of his return to bring peace, supported by the gods, and he is a priest-king who dispenses justice.[73]

Patristic Beliefs

The Pelagians saw in Melchizedek a man who lived a perfect life.[74]

[Evangelical Christian beliefs

Traditional Evangelical Christan denominations, following Luther, teach that Melchizedek was a historical figure and an archetype of Christ.[75] Some[who?] evangelical Christians since the 19th Century or earlier[when?] have taught that Melchizedek was an appearance of the pre-incarnate Christ.[citation needed] Others[who?] teach that Melchizedek was an angel sent by God as a representative.[citation needed]

Purported immortality

See also: List of people claimed to be immortal

Hebrews 7:3 creates some confusion between denominations regarding Melchizedek's nature and background. This is how it stands in the KJV, describing Melchizedek as "Without father, without mother, without descent, having neither beginning of days, nor end of life; but made like unto the Son of God; abideth a priest continually."

Different denominations interpret this in vastly different ways. Some say that Melchizedek is literally like the Son of God (or even is the Son of God) in that he has no father or mother. Others say that he has been adopted into Christ's lineage through the Lord's suffering,[76] still others claim that the verse has been mistranslated, and that Melchizedek's priesthood is without lineage, not Melchizedek himself.[77] Others claim that the verse merely represents Melchizedek's not being a priesthood holder because of lineage (in other words, "without descent" meaning not a descendant of Levi as required by Mosaic Law.)[78]

The Book of the Bee, a 13th C. Syriac text, also offers insights contrary to Melchizedek's purported immortal nature:

NEITHER the fathers nor mother of this Melchizedek were written down in the genealogies; not that he had no natural parents, but that they were not written down. The greater number of the doctors say that he was of the seed of Canaan, whom Noah cursed. In the book of Chronography, however, (the author) affirms and says that he was of the seed of Shem the son of Noah. Shem begat Arphaxar, Arphaxar begat Cainan, and Cainan begat Shâlâh and Mâlâh, Shâlâh was written down in the genealogies; but Mâlâh was not, because his affairs were not sufficiently important to be written down in the genealogies. When Noah died, he commanded Shem concerning the bones of Adam, for they were with them in the ark, and were removed from the land of Eden to this earth. Then Shem entered the ark, and sealed it with his father's seal, and said to his brethren, 'My father commanded me to go and see the sources of the rivers and the seas and the structure of the earth, and to return.' And he said to Mâlâh the father of Melchizedek, and to Yôzâdâk his mother...."[79]

Latter-Day Saint beliefs

The Book of Mormon of The Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints describes the work of Melchizedek in Salem in Alma 13:17-19. According to Alma, Melchizedek was King over the wicked people of Salem, but because of his righteousness, his people repented of their wickedness and became a peaceful city in accordance with the meaning of that name. With respect to Old Testament prophets, Alma declares that "there were many before [Melchizedek], and also there were many afterwards, but none were greater."

Also, in Joseph Smith's translation of the Bible, Melchizedek is described as "a man of faith, who wrought righteousness; and when a child he feared God, and stopped the mouths of lions." Because he was a righteous and God fearing man, Melchizedek was "ordained a high priest." The Translation also describes Melchizedek as establishing peace in his city and being called "the king of heaven" and "the King of peace" (JST Bible Gen 14:25-40), that he and his people sought to be translated, like Enoch (ancestor of Noah)'s people were. Finally, the Joseph Smith Translation notes that, in Hebrews, when Paul speaks of Melchizedek, the order of the priesthood named for him is without father and mother, etc., and not Melchizedek himself. (JST Bible Heb 7:3)

Other Latter-day Saint views on Melchizedek closely match the King James Bible. The Melchizedek Priesthood is named after him, so as not to over-use the name of Christ, after whom it was originally named Section 107:3-4.

According to the Doctrine and Covenants, Melchizedek is a descendant of Noah (Doctrine and Covenants Section 84:14).There remains controversy whether he was Shem, or a descendant. John Taylor taught the former — perhaps due to Jasher 16:11, which says Adonizedek;[80] Bruce McConkie the latter.

[edit] In Islam

There is no mention of Melchizedek in the Qur'an or in early Islamic exegesis or literature. Some later commentators, including Abdullah Yusuf Ali, however, did suggest a link between Melchizedek and Khidr. They referred to St. Paul's allegory of Melchizedek in his Epistle to the Hebrews[81] as a parallel to the Muslim view of Khidr.[82] In Ismailism, however, Melchizedek is of greater importance as one of the 'Permanent Imams'; that is those who guide people through the ages of history.[83]The Urantia Book

Main article: Melchizedek in the Urantia Book

In the 20th-century The Urantia Book, Melchizedek is reported as being the first of the four orders of descending sonship designated as local universe Sons of God, created by the Creator Son and Creative Spirit in collaboration with the Father Melchizedek in the early days of populating the local universe of Nebadon.

See also

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Incense_Route

Terry Welch AL_Shhri Perfect Science AYterion

Terry Welch AL_Shhri Perfect Science AYterion

Railway labor legislation

In response to the strikes, Congress passed the Arbitration Act of 1888, which authorized the creation of arbitration panels with the power to investigate the causes of labor disputes and to issue non-binding arbitration awards.[26] The Act was a complete failure: only one panel was ever convened under the Act, and that one, in the case of the 1894 Pullman Strike, issued its report only after the strike had been crushed by a federal court injunction backed by federal troops.

Congress attempted to correct these shortcomings in the Erdman Act, passed in 1898.[27] This law likewise provided for voluntary arbitration, but made any award issued by the panel binding and enforceable in federal court. It also outlawed discrimination against employees for union activities, prohibited "yellow dog" contracts (employee agrees not to join a union while employed), and required both sides to maintain the status quo during any arbitration proceedings and for three months after an award was issued. The arbitration procedures were rarely used. A successor statute, the Newlands Act, passed in 1913 proved more effective,[28] but was largely superseded when the federal government nationalized the railroads in 1917.

As railroads expanded after the Civil War, so too did the rate of accidents among railroad personnel, especially brakemen. Many accidents were associated with the coupling and uncoupling of railroad cars, and the operation of manually operated brakes (hand brakes). The rise in accidents led to calls for safety legislation, as early as the 1870s.[29]:2-4 In the 1880s, the number of on-the-job fatalities of railroad workers was second only to those of coal miners.[29]:5 Through that decade, several state legislatures enacted safety laws. However, the specific requirements varied among the states, making implementation difficult for interstate rail carriers, and Congress passed the Safety Appliance Act in 1893 to provide a uniform standard.[29]:6-7 [30] The law required railroads to install air brakes and automatic couplers on all trains, and led to a sharp drop in accidents.

The Esch–Cummins Act of 1920 created a Railway Labor Board (RLB) to regulate wages and issue non-binding proposals to settle disputes. In 1921 the RLB ordered a twelve percent reduction in employees' wages, which led to the Great Railroad Strike of 1922, involving rail shop workers nationwide, followed by a court injunction to end the strike.[31] Congress passed the Railway Labor Act of 1926 to rectify the shortcomings of the RLB procedures.[32]

[edit] Regulation of railroads and nationalization

[edit] Interstate Commerce Commission and antitrust law

Industrialists such as Cornelius Vanderbilt and Jay Gould became wealthy through railroad ownerships, as large railroad companies such as the Grand Trunk Railway and the Southern Pacific Transportation Company spanned several states. In response to monopolistic practices and other excesses of some railroads and their owners, Congress created the Interstate Commerce Commission (ICC) in 1887.[23]:123-4[33] The ICC indirectly controlled the business activities of the railroads through issuance of extensive regulations. Congress also enacted antitrust legislation to prohibit railroad monopolies, beginning with the Sherman Antitrust Act in 1890.[34]

[edit] Temporary nationalization of railroads

The United States Railroad Administration (USRA) temporarily took over management of railroads during World War I to address inaedequacy in critical facilities throughout the overall system, such as terminals, trackage, and rolling stock. President Woodrow Wilson issued an order for nationalization on December 26, 1917.[35] Management by USRA led to standardization of equipment and reductions of duplicative passenger services. Federal control of the railroads ended in March 1920, under the Esch-Cummins Act.

Dodi Miller queen of the heaven my neighbor mother of Allyson MaKay

The Sands Hotel was a historic Las Vegas Strip hotel/casino that operated from December 15, 1952 to June 30, 1996. Designed by architect Wayne McAllister, the Sands was the seventh resort that opened on the Strip.

During its heyday, the Sands was the center of entertainment and "cool" on the Strip, and hosted many famous entertainers of the day. Regulars were able to mingle with the stars in the lounge after their late-night shows. In its time, the Sands was located next door to the Desert Inn. The two adjacent properties were once owned by reclusive businessman Howard Hughes in the mid-1960s. Today, The Venetian stands where the Sands once stood.[2]

Contents

[hide]

History

Dodi or Doris Miller neighbor of Crosby best friend of Mary and Allyson Mac Kay friend Garry C

The hotel first began as just a casino with a few hundred rooms. The hotel was designed by architect Wayne McAllister. It was founded by Jakie Freedman of Houston, Texas, grandfather of Houston socialite Carolyn Farb. In the late 1950s, Senator John F. Kennedy was occasionally a guest of Frank Sinatra at the Sands.

Arguably the hotel's biggest claim to fame was a three-week period in 1960 during the filming of Ocean's 11. During that time, the movie's stars Frank Sinatra, Dean Martin, Sammy Davis, Jr., Joey Bishop, and Peter Lawford performed on stage together in the Copa Room. The performances were called the "Summit at the Sands" and is considered to be the birth of the Rat Pack. Sinatra would also own a stake in the Sands for a time.[3]

In the 1950s, (limited) integration came to heavily segregated Las Vegas when the Sands allowed Nat King Cole to stay at the hotel and gamble in the casino. In the 60s, Sammy Davis, Jr. convinced the Sands to hire more African-Americans, and to allow them into the casino.

When Howard Hughes purchased the hotel in the mid-1960s, architect Martin Stern, Jr added a 500-room circular tower in 1967 and the hotel became a Vegas landmark. Kirk Kerkorian (MGM) bought the hotel in 1988, and seven months later in 1989 it was purchased by the owners of The Interface Group - Sheldon Adelson, Richard Katzeff, Ted Cutler, Irwin Chafetz, and Jordan Shapiro.

In its final years, the Sands became a shadow of its former self—a throwback to the old days, and it ultimately could not compete with the newer and more exciting megaresorts that were being built on the Strip. The decision was eventually made by its final owner, Sheldon Adelson, to shut it down and to build a brand new resort. On November 26, 1996, it was imploded[4] and demolished much to the dismay of longtime employees and sentimentalists. The Las Vegas scenes of Con Air were filmed at the Sands prior to its demolition.

With the Sands gone, its casino chips are now valuable collector's items due to the casino's musical history, with the average $1.00 chip fetching around $30.00. Some rarer chips reach hundreds of dollars, and sometimes over $1,000.00[citation needed].

Film history

The 1960 film Ocean's 11 was filmed here. Footage of the demolition also appeared in the closing credits of The Cooler. The climactic plane crash in 1997's Con Air wound up with the aircraft crashing into the soon-to-be-demolished Sands' lobby.

Musical legacy

Dean Martin ("Live At The Sands - An Evening of Music, Laughter and Hard Liquor") Frank Sinatra (Sinatra at the Sands), Sammy Davis, Jr. (The Sounds of '66, That's All!), Tommy Sands, Nat King Cole and Count Basie (a posthumous set, also recorded during the Sinatra at the Sands stand) were among those who recorded live albums at the Sands. The albums feature credits to many of the musicians who performed on the albums and at the Copa and to band leader, producer, and musical conductor Antonio Morelli who appeared on hundreds of such albums by these artists throughout the 1950s and 60s.

Morrissey's b-side track, "At Amber" (1990) takes place at the Sands Hotel, and recounts its by-then aging and somewhat seedy atmosphere.

Legends of the Copa Room

The greatest names in the entertainment industry graced the Copa Room Stage (the showroom at the Sands, named after the famed Copacabana Club in New York City) including Judy Garland, Lena Horne, (she was billed at the Sands as "The Satin Doll"), Jimmy Durante, Pat Cooper, Shirley MacLaine, Marlene Dietrich, Tallulah Bankhead, Shecky Greene, Martin and Lewis, Danny Thomas, Bobby Darin, Rich Little, Louis Armstrong, Robert Merrill, Wayne Newton, Red Skelton, and along with "The Copa Girls". These were only a few of the legendary entertainers to not only perform at the Sands, but in all the showrooms along the Strip, from the late 1940s until the early 1990s. The public could sit ringside in a showroom holding no more than five hundred, paying as little as three dollars in the 1950s up to $25.50 in the early 90s. Much of the musical success of the Copa Room is credited to the room's band leader and musical conductor Antonio Morelli. Morelli not only acted as the band leader and musical conductor for the Copa Room during the Hotel's Rat Pack heyday in the 1950s and 1960s, he also played that role on hundreds of recorded albums by those same entertainers who graced the stage of the Copa including Frank Sinatra, Sammy Davis Jr., Tony Bennett, Dean Martin, and many others. Oftentimes the festivities would carry over after hours to Morrelli's home in Las Vegas, nicknamed "The Morelli House", which was eventually relocated and sanctioned an historical landmark by the State of Nevada.[5]

The Sands is also the place where Freddie Bell and the Bell Boys performed the Rock 'n' Roll-song "Hound Dog", and they were seen by Elvis Presley. After Presley saw that performance at The Sands, he decided to record the song himself, and it became a hit for him.


References

  1. ^ http://www.lasvegasmikey.com/sands.htm
  2. ^ "Contact Us". Retrieved 2008-01-19.
  3. ^ Las Vegas Sun. "Rat Pack made Sands ‘the place’," by Cathy Scott, November 26, 1996
  4. ^ "Property History". Retrieved 2008-01-19.
  5. ^ Goya, Lynn In a League of Their Own, Nevada Magazine. March 2009

External links

9 face of Christ 17 level of peufiytion

In his Gallic Wars, Julius Caesar invaded Britain twice, in 55 and 54 BC.[1] The first invasion, made late in summer, was either intended as a full invasion (in which case it was unsuccessful - it gained a beachhead on the coast of Kent but achieved little else) or a reconnaissance-in-force expedition. The second was more successful, setting up a friendly king, Mandubracius, and forcing the submission of his rival, Cassivellaunus, although no territory was conquered and held for Rome, but was restored to the allied Trinovantes, along with promised tribute of other tribes in what is now eastern England.


[ First invasion (55 BC)

Planning and reconnaissance

A rowing bireme, as possibly used by Caesar - entirely unsuitable for the stormy and tidal Channel waters.

During the course of his conquest of Gaul, Caesar claims that the Britons had supported the campaigns of the mainland Gauls against him, with fugitives from among the Gallic Belgae fleeing to Belgic settlements in Britain,[2] and the Veneti of Armorica, who controlled seaborne trade to the island, calling in aid from their British allies to fight for them against Caesar in 56.[3] Strabo says that the Venetic rebellion in 56 BC had been intended to prevent Caesar from travelling to Britain and disrupting their commercial activity,[4] suggesting that the possibility of a British expedition had already been considered by then.

In late summer, 55 BC, even though it was late in the campaigning season, Caesar decided to make an expedition to Britain. He summoned merchants who traded with the island, but they were unable or unwilling to give him any useful information about the inhabitants and their military tactics, or about harbours he could use, presumably not wanting to lose their monopoly on cross-channel trade. He sent a tribune, Gaius Volusenus, to scout the coast in a single warship. He probably examined the Kent coast between Hythe and Sandwich, but was unable to land, since he "did not dare leave his ship and entrust himself to the barbarians",[5] and after five days returned to give Caesar what intelligence he had managed to gather.

By then, ambassadors from some of the British states, warned by merchants of the impending invasion, had arrived promising their submission. Caesar sent them back, along with his ally Commius, king of the Gallic Atrebates, to use their influence to win over as many other states as possible.

He gathered a fleet consisting of eighty transport ships, sufficient to carry two legions (Legio VII and Legio X), and an unknown number of warships under a quaestor, at an unnamed port in the territory of the Morini, almost certainly Portius Itius (Boulogne). Another eighteen transports of cavalry were to sail from a different port, probably Ambleteuse.[6] These ships may have been triremes or biremes, or may have been adapted from Venetic designs Caesar had seen previously, or may even have been requisitioned from the Veneti and other coastal tribes. Clearly in a hurry, Caesar himself left a garrison at the port and set out "at the third watch" - about midnight - on 23 August[7] with the legions, leaving the cavalry to march to their ships, embark, and join him as soon as possible. In light of later events, this was either a tactical mistake or (along with the fact that the legions came over without baggage or heavy siege gear)[8] confirms the invasion was not intended for complete conquest.


Landing

A memorial to the invasion at Deal

Caesar initially tried to land at Dubris (Dover), whose natural harbour had presumably been identified by Volusenus as a suitable landing place. However, when he came in sight of shore, the massed forces of the Britons gathered on the overlooking hills and cliffs (i.e. the White cliffs of Dover) dissuaded him from landing there, since the cliffs were "so close to the shore that javelins could be thrown down from" them onto anyone landing there.[9] After waiting there at anchor "until the ninth hour" (about 3pm - presumably waiting for the wind and tide to become favourable) and meanwhile convening a council of war, he ordered his subordinates to act on their own initiative and then sailed the fleet about seven miles along the coast to an open beach. In the absence of archaeological evidence at the landing point, this beach was most probably at Walmer, which is the right distance up the coast from the White Cliffs.[10] It was thought in the 19th century to be near Deal Castle - hence a house there named SPQR - but is now thought to be half a mile further south, where it is now marked by a concrete memorial.

Having been tracked all the way along the coast by the British cavalry and chariots, the landing was opposed. To make matters worse, the Roman ships were too large to go close inshore and the troops had to disembark in deep water, all the while attacked by the enemy from the shallows. The troops were reluctant, but according to Caesar's account were led by the aquilifer (standard bearer) of the 10th legion who jumped in first as an example, shouting:

"Leap, fellow soldiers, unless you wish to betray your eagle to the enemy. I, for my part, will perform my duty to the republic and to my general."[11]

The British were eventually driven back with catapultae and slings fired from the warships into the exposed flank of their formation and the Romans managed to land and drive them off. The cavalry, delayed by adverse winds, still had not arrived, so the Britons could not be pursued and finished off, and Caesar could not enjoy what he calls, in his usual self-promoting style, his "accustomed success".[12]

Beach-head

The Romans established a camp (of which no archaeological trace has been found - otherwise the landing point could be placed with certainty), received ambassadors and had Commius, who had been arrested as soon as he had arrived in Britain, returned to him. Caesar claims he was negotiating from a position of strength and that the British leaders, blaming their attacks on him on the common people, were in only four days awed into giving hostages (some immediately, some as soon as they could be brought from inland) and disbanding their army. However, after his cavalry had come within sight of the beachhead but then been scattered and turned back to Gaul by storms, and with food running short, Caesar, a native of the non-tidal Mediterranean, was taken by surprise by the British tides. At high tide, his beached warships filled with water, and his transports, riding at anchor, were driven against each other. Some ships were wrecked, and many others were rendered unseaworthy by the loss of rigging or other vital equipment, threatening the return journey.

Realising this and hoping to keep Caesar in Britain over the winter and thus starve him into submission, the Britons renewed the attack, ambushing one of the legions as it foraged near the Roman camp. The foraging party was relieved by the remainder of the Roman force and the Britons were again driven off, only to regroup after several days of storms with a larger force to attack the Roman camp. This attack was driven off fully, in a bloody rout, with improvised cavalry that Commius had gathered from pro-Roman Britons and a Roman scorched earth policy.

[edit] Conclusion

The British once again sent ambassadors and Caesar, although he doubled the number of hostages, realised he could not hold out any longer and dare not risk a stormy winter crossing (he had set out late in the campaigning season and the winter solstice was approaching), and so allowed them to be delivered to him in Gaul, to which he returned with as many of the ships as could be repaired with flotsam from the wrecked ships. Even then, only two tribes felt sufficiently threatened by Caesar to actually send the hostages, and two of his transports were separated from the main body and made landfall elsewhere.

[edit] Success and motivation

In short, the campaign had not been a success. If it had been intended as a full-scale campaign, invasion or occupation, it had failed, and even if it is seen as a reconnaissance-in-force or a show of strength to deter further British aid to the Gauls, it had fallen short. Nonetheless, going to Britain at all carried such kudos for a Roman that the Senate decreed a supplicatio (thanksgiving) of twenty days when they received Caesar's report.

Caesar's pretext for the invasion was that "in almost all the wars with the Gauls succors had been furnished to our enemy from that country". This is plausible, although it may also have been a cover for investigating Britain's mineral resources and economic potential: afterwards, Cicero refers to the disappointing discovery that there was no gold or silver in the island;[13] and Suetonius reports that Caesar was said to have gone to Britain in search of pearls.[14]

[edit] Second invasion (54 BC)

[edit] Preparation

A second invasion was planned in the winter of 55-54 for the summer of 54 BC. Cicero wrote letters to his friend Gaius Trebatius Testa and his brother Quintus, both of whom were serving in Caesar's army, expressing his excitement at the prospect. He urged Trebatius to capture him a war chariot, and asked Quintus to write him a description of the island. Trebatius, as it turned out, did not go to Britain, but Quintus did, and wrote him several letters from there - as did Caesar himself.[15]

Determined not to make the same mistakes as the previous year, Caesar gathered a larger force than on his previous expedition (five legions as opposed to two, plus two-thousand cavalry), carried in ships which he designed, with experience of Venetic shipbuilding technology, to be more suitable to a beach landing than those used in 55 BC (i.e. broader and lower for easier beaching). This time he names Portus Itius as the departure point.[16]

[edit] Crossing and landing

Labienus was left at Portus Itius to oversee regular food transports from there to the British beachhead. The military ships were joined by a flotilla of trading ships captained by Romans and provincials from across the empire, and local Gauls, hoping to cash in on the trading opportunities. It seems more likely that the figure Caesar quotes for the fleet (800 ships) include these traders and the troop-transports, rather than the troop-transports alone.

Caesar landed at the place he had identified as the best landing-place the previous year. The Britons did not oppose the landing, apparently, as Caesar states, intimidated by the size of the fleet, but equally this may have been a strategic ploy to give them time to gather their forces, or may reflect their lack of concern.

[edit] Kent campaign

Upon landing, Caesar left Quintus Atrius in charge of the beach-head and made an immediate night march twelve miles inland, where he encountered the British forces at a river crossing, probably somewhere on the River Stour (e.g. the future site of Canterbury[17]). The Britons attacked but were repulsed, and attempted to regroup at a fortified place in the forests (possibly to be identified with the hillfort at Bigbury Wood, Kent,[17]) but were again defeated and scattered. As it was late in the day and Caesar was unsure of the territory, he called off the pursuit and made camp.

However, the next morning, as he prepared to advance further, Caesar received word from Atrius that, once again, his ships at anchor had been dashed against each other in a storm and suffered considerable damage. About forty, he says, were lost. The Romans were unused to Atlantic and Channel tides and storms, but nevertheless, considering the damage he had sustained the previous year, this was poor planning on Caesar's part. However, Caesar may have exaggerated the number of ships wrecked to magnify his own achievement in rescuing the situation.[18] He returned to the coast, recalling the legions that had gone ahead, and immediately set about repairing his fleet. His men worked day and night for approximately ten days, beaching and repairing the ships, and building a fortified camp around them. Word was sent to Labienus to send more ships.

Caesar was on the coast on 1 September, from where he wrote a letter to Cicero. News must have reached him at this point of the death of his daughter Julia, as Cicero refrained from replying "on account of his mourning".[19]

[edit] March Inland

Caesar then returned to the Stour crossing and found the Britons had massed their forces there. Cassivellaunus, a warlord from north of the Thames, had previously been at war with most of the British tribes. He had recently overthrown the king of the powerful Trinovantes and forced his son, Mandubracius, into exile, but now the Britons had appointed him to lead their combined forces. After several indecisive skirmishes, during which a Roman tribune, Quintus Laberius Durus, was killed, the Britons attacked a foraging party of three legions under Gaius Trebonius, but were repulsed and routed by the pursuing Roman cavalry.

Cassivellaunus realised he could not defeat Caesar in a pitched battle. Disbanding the majority of his force and relying on the mobility of his 4,000 chariots and superior knowledge of the terrain, he used guerrilla tactics to slow the Roman advance. By the time Caesar reached the Thames, the one fordable place available to him (possibly at Westminster), had been fortified with sharpened stakes, both on the shore and under the water, and the far bank was defended. Nevertheless, he was able to cross, put the defenders to flight, and enter Cassivellaunus's territory.

The Trinovantes, who Caesar describes as the most powerful tribe in the region, and who had recently suffered at Cassivellaunus's hands, sent ambassadors, promising him aid and provisions. Mandubracius, who had accompanied Caesar, was restored as their king, and the Trinovantes provided grain and hostages. Five further tribes, the Cenimagni, Segontiaci, Ancalites, Bibroci and Cassi, surrendered to Caesar, and revealed to him the location of Cassivellaunus's stronghold, possibly the hill fort at Wheathampstead,[20] which he proceeded to put under siege.

Cassivellaunus sent word to his allies in Kent, Cingetorix, Carvilius, Taximagulus and Segovax, described as the "four kings of Cantium",[21] to stage a diversionary attack on the Roman beach-head to draw Caesar off, but this attack failed, and Cassivellaunus sent ambassadors to negotiate a surrender. Caesar was eager to return to Gaul for the winter due to growing unrest there, and an agreement was mediated by Commius. Cassivellaunus gave hostages, agreed an annual tribute, and undertook not to make war against Mandubracius or the Trinovantes. Caesar wrote to Cicero on 26 September, confirming the result of the campaign, with hostages but no booty taken, and that his army was about to return to Gaul.[22] He then left, leaving not a single Roman soldier in Britain to enforce his settlement. Whether the tribute was ever paid is unknown.

[edit] Aftermath

Commius, Caesar's Atrebatian ally, later switched sides, fighting in Vercingetorix's rebellion. After a number of unsuccessful engagements with Caesar's forces, he cut his losses and fled to Britain. Sextus Julius Frontinus, in his Strategemata, describes how Commius and his followers, with Caesar in pursuit, boarded their ships. Although the tide was out and the ships still beached, Commius ordered the sails raised. Caesar, still some distance away, assumed the ships were afloat and called off the pursuit.[23] John Creighton[24] believes that this anecdote was a legend, and that Commius was sent to Britain as a friendly king as part of his truce with Mark Antony.[25] Commius established a dynasty in the Hampshire area, known from coins of Gallo-Belgic type. Verica, the king whose exile prompted Claudius's conquest of AD 43, styled himself a son of Commius.

[edit] Discoveries about Britain

As well as noting elements of British warfare (particularly the use of chariots) which were exotic and unfamiliar to his Roman audience, Caesar also aimed to impress them by making further geographical, meteorological and ethnographic investigations of Britain. He probably gained these by enquiry and hearsay rather than direct experience, as he did not penetrate that far into the interior, and most historians would be wary of applying them beyond the tribes with whom he came into direct contact.

[edit] Geographical and meteorological

Caesar's first-hand discoveries were limited to east Kent and the Thames Valley, but he was able to provide a description of the island's geography and meteorology. Though his measurements are not wholly accurate, and may owe something to Pytheas, his general conclusions even now hold water:

The climate is more temperate than in Gaul, the colds being less severe.[26]
The island is triangular in its form, and one of its sides is opposite to Gaul. One angle of this side, which is in Kent, whither almost all ships from Gaul are directed, [looks] to the east; the lower looks to the south. This side extends about 500 miles. Another side lies toward Spain and the west, on which part is Ireland, less, as is reckoned, than Britain, by one half: but the passage from it into Britain is of equal distance with that from Gaul. In the middle of this voyage, is an island, which is called Mona: many smaller islands besides are supposed to lie there, of which islands some have written that at the time of the winter solstice it is night there for thirty consecutive days. We, in our inquiries about that matter, ascertained nothing, except that, by accurate measurements with water, we perceived the nights to be shorter there than on the continent. The length of this side, as their account states, is 700 miles. The third side is toward the north, to which portion of the island no land is opposite; but an angle of that side looks principally toward Germany. This side is considered to be 800 miles in length. Thus the whole island is about 2,000 miles in circumference.[27]

No information about harbours or other landing-places was available to the Romans before Caesar's expeditions, so Caesar was able to make discoveries of benefit to Roman military and trading interests. Volusenus's reconnaissance voyage before the first expedition apparently identified the natural harbour at Dubris (Dover), although Caesar was prevented from landing there and forced to land on an open beach, as he did again the following year, perhaps because Dover was too small for his much larger forces. The great natural harbours further up the coast at Rutupiae (Richborough), which were used by Claudius for his invasion 100 years later, were not used on either occasion. Caesar may have been unaware of them, may have chosen not to use them, or they may not have existed in a form suitable for sheltering and landing such a large force at that time (our knowledge of the geomorphology of the Wantsum Channel that created that haven is limited).

By Claudius's time Roman knowledge of the island would have been considerably increased by a century of trade and diplomacy, and four abortive invasion attempts. However, it is likely that the intelligence gathered in 55 and 54 BC would have been retained in the now-lost state records in Rome, and been used by Claudius in the planning of his landings.

[edit] Ethnography

The Britons are defined as typical barbarians, with polygamy and other exotic social habits, similar in many ways to the Gauls,[28] yet as brave adversaries whose crushing can bring glory to a Roman:

The interior portion of Britain is inhabited by those of whom they say that it is handed down by tradition that they were born in the island itself: the maritime portion by those who had passed over from the country of the Belgae for the purpose of plunder and making war; almost all of whom are called by the names of those states from which being sprung they went thither, and having waged war, continued there and began to cultivate the lands. The number of the people is countless, and their buildings exceedingly numerous, for the most part very like those of the Gauls... They do not regard it lawful to eat the hare, and the cock, and the goose; they, however, breed them for amusement and pleasure.[26]
The most civilised of all these nations are they who inhabit Kent, which is entirely a maritime district, nor do they differ much from the Gallic customs. Most of the inland inhabitants do not sow corn, but live on milk and flesh, and are clad with skins. All the Britons, indeed, dye themselves with woad, which occasions a bluish colour, and thereby have a more terrible appearance in fight. They wear their hair long, and have every part of their body shaved except their head and upper lip. Ten and even twelve have wives common to them, and particularly brothers among brothers, and parents among their children; but if there be any issue by these wives, they are reputed to be the children of those by whom respectively each was first espoused when a virgin.[29]

[edit] Military

In addition to infantry and cavalry, the Britons employed chariots, a novelty to the Romans, in warfare. Caesar describes their use as follows:

Their mode of fighting with their chariots is this: firstly, they drive about in all directions and throw their weapons and generally break the ranks of the enemy with the very dread of their horses and the noise of their wheels; and when they have worked themselves in between the troops of horse, leap from their chariots and engage on foot. The charioteers in the mean time withdraw some little distance from the battle, and so place themselves with the chariots that, if their masters are overpowered by the number of the enemy, they may have a ready retreat to their own troops. Thus they display in battle the speed of horse, [together with] the firmness of infantry; and by daily practice and exercise attain to such expertness that they are accustomed, even on a declining and steep place, to check their horses at full speed, and manage and turn them in an instant and run along the pole, and stand on the yoke, and thence betake themselves with the greatest celerity to their chariots again.[30]

[edit] Technology

During the civil war, Caesar made use of a kind of boat he had seen used in Britain, similar to the Irish currach or Welsh coracle. He describes them thus:

[T]he keels and ribs were made of light timber, then, the rest of the hulk of the ships was wrought with wicker work, and covered over with hides.[31]

[edit] Religion

"The institution [of Druidism] is thought to have originated in Britain, and to have been thence introduced into Gaul; and even now those who wish to become more accurately acquainted with it, generally repair thither, for the sake of learning it."[32] Economic resources

Caesar not only investigates this for the sake of it, but also to justify Britain as a rich source of tribute and trade:

[T]he number of cattle is great. They use either brass or iron rings, determined at a certain weight, as their money. Tin is produced in the midland regions; in the maritime, iron; but the quantity of it is small: they employ brass, which is imported. There, as in Gaul, is timber of every description, except beech and fir.[26]

This reference to the 'midland' is inaccurate as we would see it (tin production and trade actually happened in the southwest, in Cornwall and Devon, and was what drew Pytheas and other traders). However, Caesar only penetrated to Essex and so, receiving reports of the trade whilst there, it would have been easy to perceive the trade as coming from the interior.

[edit] Outcome

Caesar made no conquests in Britain, but his enthroning of Mandubracius marked the beginnings of a system of client kingdoms there, thus bringing the island into Rome's sphere of political influence. Diplomatic and trading links developed further over the next century, opening up the possibility of permanent conquest, which was finally taken up by Claudius in AD 43. In the words of Tacitus:

It was, in fact, the deified Julius who first of all Romans entered Britain with an army: he overawed the natives by a successful battle and made himself master of the coast; but it may be said that he revealed, rather than bequeathed, Britain to Rome.[33]

See also

References in later literature and culture

[ Classical works

  • Valerius Maximus's Memorable Words and Deeds (1st century AD) praises the bravery of Marcus Caesius Scaeva, a centurion under Caesar, who, having been deserted by his comrades, held his position alone against a horde of Britons on a small island, before finally swimming to safety.[34]
  • Polyaenus's 2nd century Strategemata relates that, when Cassivellaunus was defending a river crossing against him, Caesar gained passage by the use of an armoured elephant, which terrified the Britons into fleeing.[35] This may be a confusion with Claudius's use of elephants during his conquest of Britain in AD 43.[36]
  • Orosius's 5th century History Against the Pagans contains a brief account of Caesar's invasions,[37] which makes an influential mistake: Quintus Laberius Durus, the tribune who died in Britain, is mis-named "Labienus", an error which is followed by all medieval British accounts.

[edit] Medieval works

  • Bede's History of the English Church and People[38] includes an account of Caesar's invasions. This account is taken almost word for word from Orosius, which suggests Bede read a copy of this work from the library at Monkwearmouth-Jarrow Priory which Benedict Biscop had brought from Rome itself.
  • The 9th century Historia Britonum attributed to Nennius gives a garbled account,[39] in which Caesar invades three times, landing at the Thames Estuary rather than on a beach in Kent. His chief opponent is Dolobellus, proconsul of the British king Belinus, son of Minocannus. Caesar finally defeats the Britons at a place called Trinovantum.
  • Henry of Huntingdon's 12th century Historia Anglorum gives an account based on Bede and the Historia Britonum, and gives Caesar an inspirational speech to his troops.[40]
  • Geoffrey of Monmouth, in his History of the Kings of Britain,[41] has Caesar invading Britain, and has Cassibelanus (i.e. Cassivellaunus) as Caesar's primary opponent, but otherwise differs from the historical record. As in the Historia Britonum, Caesar invades three times, not twice, landing at the Thames Estuary. His story is also largely based on Bede and the Historia Britonum, but is greatly expanded. Historical elements are modified - the stakes placed in the Thames by the Britons become anti-ship rather than anti-infantry and anti-cavalry devices[42] - and other elements, such as Cassibelanus's brother Nennius engaging in hand-to-hand combat with Caesar and stealing his sword, called Crocea Mors, are not known from any earlier source. Adaptations such as Wace's Roman de Brut, Layamon's Brut and the Welsh Bruts largely follow Geoffrey's story.
  • The medieval Welsh Triads also refer to Caesar's invasions. Some of these references appear directly related to Geoffrey's account, but others allude to independent traditions: Caswallawn (Cassivellaunus) is said to have gone to Rome in search of his lover, Fflur, to have allowed Caesar to land in Britain in return for a horse called Meinlas, and pursued Caesar in a great fleet after he returned to Gaul.[43] The 18th century collection of Triads compiled by Iolo Morganwg contains expanded versions of these traditions.[44]
  • The 13th century French work Li Fet des Romains contains an account of Caesar's invasions based partly on Caesar and partly on Geoffrey. It adds an explanation of how Caesar's soldiers overcame the stakes in the Thames - they tied wooden splints filled with sulphur around them, and burned them using Greek fire. It also identifies the standard-bearer of the 10th legion as Valerius Maximus's Scaeva.[45]
  • In the 14th century French romance Perceforest Caesar, a precocious 21-year-old warrior, invades Britain because one his knights, Luces, is in love with the wife of the king of England. Afterwards, a Briton called Orsus Bouchesuave takes a lance which Caesar used to kill his uncle, makes twelve iron styluses from the head, and, alongside Brutus, Cassius and other senators, uses them to stab Caesar to death.[45]

[edit] 20th century popular culture

  • E. Nesbit's 1906 children's novel The Story of the Amulet depicts Caesar on the shores of Gaul, contemplating an invasion.
  • In Robert Graves's 1934 and 1935 novels I, Claudius and Claudius the God, Claudius refers to Caesar's invasions when discussing his own invasion. In the 1976 tv adaptation of the two books they are mentioned in a scene during Augustus's reign where young members of the imperial family are playing a board game (not unlike Risk) in which areas of the empire must be conquered and arguing about how many legions it theoretically needs to capture and hold Britain, and again in the speech in which Claudius announces his own invasion ("100 years since the divine Julius left it, Britain is once again a province of Rome").
  • The 1957 Goon Show episode The Histories of Pliny the Elder, a pastiche of epic films, involves Caesar invading Britain, defeating the Britons who think the battle is a football match and so only send 10 men against the Romans, and occupying Britain for 10 years or more.
  • The 1964 film Carry on Cleo features Caesar and Mark Antony (who was in fact not present during either invasion) invading Britain and enslaving cavemen there.
  • In Goscinny and Uderzo's 1965 comic Asterix in Britain, Caesar has successfully conquered Britain because the Britons stop fighting every afternoon for a cup of hot water with milk (tea not yet having been discovered).
  • In the anime series Code Geass, in the year 55 BC, Julius Caesar attempts to invade Britain, but is met with strong resistance from the local tribes, who elect a super-leader: the Celtic King Eowyn, who summarily became first member of the Britannian royal line.

[edit] Notes

  1. ^ Caesar, Commentarii de Bello Gallico 4.20-35, 5.1, 8-23; Dio Cassius, Roman History 39.50-53, 40.1-3; Florus, Epitome of Roman History 1.45
  2. ^ Commentarii de Bello Gallico 2.4, 5.12 - although whether Iron Age settlements of this period are - in our sense of the word - Belgic is debated.
  3. ^ Commentarii de Bello Gallico 3.8-9
  4. ^ Strabo, Geography 4:4.1
  5. ^ Commentarii de Bello Gallico 4.22
  6. ^ Frere, Britannia, p. 19
  7. ^ Science-Nature "Doubt over date for Brit invasion". BBC News. 1 July 2008. Retrieved 2 Jul. 2008. See also: "Tide and time: Re-dating Caesar’s invasion of Britain". Texas State University. 23 June 2008. Retrieved 2 Jul. 2008.
  8. ^ Commentarii de Bello Gallico 4.30
  9. ^ Commentarii de Bello Gallico 4.23
  10. ^ "Caesar's Landings", Athena Review 1,1
  11. ^ Commentarii de Bello Gallico 4.25
  12. ^ Commentarii de Bello Gallico 4.26
  13. ^ Cicero, Letters to friends 7.7; Letters to Atticus 4.17
  14. ^ Suetonius, Lives of the Twelve Caesars: Julius 47. Caesar did later dedicate a thorax decorated with British pearls to Venus Genetrix in the temple to her that he later built (Pliny, Natural History : IX.116) and oysters were later exported from Britain to Rome (Pliny, Natural History) IX.169 and Juvenal, Satire IV.141
  15. ^ Letters to friends 7.6, 7.7, 7.8, 7.10, 7.17; Letters to his brother Quintus 2.13, 2.15, 3.1; Letters to Atticus 4.15, 4.17, 4.18
  16. ^ "Invasion of Britain". unrv.com. Retrieved 25 Apr. 2009.
  17. ^ a b Frere, Britannia p. 22
  18. ^ Commentarii de Bello Gallico 5.23
  19. ^ Cicero, Letters to his brother Quintus 3.1
  20. ^ Frere, Britannia p. 25
  21. ^ Commentarii de Bello Gallico 5.22
  22. ^ Letters to Atticus 4.18
  23. ^ Frontinus, Strategemata 2:13.11
  24. ^ John Creighton, Coins and power in Late Iron Age Britain, Cambridge University Press, 2000
  25. ^ Commentarii de Bello Gallico 8.48
  26. ^ a b c Commentarii de Bello Gallico 5.12
  27. ^ Commentarii de Bello Gallico 5.13
  28. ^ cf. his similar ethnographic treatment of them in Commentarii de Bello Gallico 6.11.20
  29. ^ Commentarii de Bello Gallico 5.14
  30. ^ Commentarii de Bello Gallico 4.33
  31. ^ Caesar, Commentarii de Bello Civili 1.54
  32. ^ Commentarii de Bello Gallico 6.13
  33. ^ Tacitus, Agricola 13
  34. ^ Valerius Maximus, Actorum et Dictorum Memorabilium Libri Novem 3:2.23
  35. ^ Polyaenus, Stategemata 8:23.5
  36. ^ Cassius Dio, Roman History 60.21
  37. ^ Orosius, Historiarum Adversum Paganos Libri VII 6.9
  38. ^ Bede, Ecclesiastical History 1.2
  39. ^ Historia Britonum 19-20
  40. ^ Henry of Huntingdon, Historia Anglorum 1.12-14
  41. ^ Geoffrey of Monmouth, Historia Regum Britanniae 4.1-10
  42. ^ Compare De Bello Gallico 5.18 with Historia Regum Britanniae 4.6
  43. ^ Peniarth Triads 32; Hergest Triads 5, 21, 50, 58
  44. ^ Iolo Morganwg, Triads of Britain 8, 14, 17, 21, 24, 51, 100, 102, 124
  45. ^ a b Homer Nearing Jnr., "The Legend of Julius Caesar's British Conquest", PLMA 64 pp. 889-929, 1949

Friday, April 13, 2012

Barack Obama

Apr 12 (1 day ago)

to me
Terry --

We now know who our opponent is.

But what we're really fighting against is what our opponent has pledged to do if elected.

He would shower billionaires with more huge tax breaks, oppose setting a timeline to bring our troops home from Afghanistan, starve investments in clean energy research, and make it harder for students to afford to go to college. He'd outlaw a woman's right to choose and completely cut funding for Planned Parenthood.

We can't afford an endless war in Afghanistan, a return to policies that hurt the middle class, and a social agenda from the 1950s.

The stakes and the differences are profound. The outcome of this election will determine the course of this country for decades to come.

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5:04 PM (20 hours ago)

to info
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He is the father Kim Philby

On 4/12/12, Barack Obama wrote:
> Terry --
>
> We now know who our opponent is.
>
> But what we're really fighting against is what our opponent
> has pledged to do if elected.
>
> He would shower billionaires with more huge tax breaks,
> oppose setting a timeline to bring our troops home from
> Afghanistan, starve investments in clean energy research,
> and make it harder for students to afford to go to college.
> He'd outlaw a woman's right to choose and completely cut
> funding for Planned Parenthood.
>
> We can't afford an endless war in Afghanistan, a return to
> policies that hurt the middle class, and a social agenda
> from the 1950s.
>
> The stakes and the differences are profound. The outcome
> of this election will determine the course of this country for
> decades to come.
>
> I need you by my side.
>
> Make a donation of $3 or more today:
>
> https://donate.barackobama.com/Ready57
>
> Thank you,
>
> Barack
>
> ---------------------------------------------------------------------
> Paid for by Obama for America
>
> Contributions or gifts to Obama for America are not tax deductible
>
> This email was sent to: perfectscience@Gmail.com
> To update your address, go to:
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8:09 PM (17 hours ago)

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Apr 11 (1 day ago)


to James.Silverwo., info
On 4/10/12, PerfectScience wrote:
> PerfectScience
> Tue, Apr 10, 2012 at 8:16 AM
> To: realtybr@gmail.com
> Reply | Reply to all | Forward | Print | Delete | Show original
> realtybr@gmail.com and Ted owns the house two doors down that the
> black teacher will not pay rent because the bank told her that they
> will lose see Ted cell phones on my Terry Welch AL_Shhri Verizon
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> She a teacher collects public aid secion 8 housing has a black police
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> AL_Shhri Glen wood , Ill, Police
>
> See James M undo Police report s 333 Dorchester , Glen wood ,
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>
> And M undo funeral aunts see Amy Mundo husband in Home wood , Illinois
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>
>
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>
> See car rental on Hals ted in Home wood , Illinois
>
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> Chicago Heights on Hals ted All State , Jason Group Skull and Bones ,
>
>
>
>
> p://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chatham_House
>
>
> PerfectScience
> Mon, Apr 9, 2012 at 2:33 PM
> To: consular@croatiaemb.org
> Reply | Reply to all | Forward | Print | Delete | Show original
> http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chatham_House
>
>
> PerfectScience
> Mon, Apr 9, 2012 at 2:34 PM
> To: info , Hope Thompson ,
> realtybr , "dnv.dowe" ,
> MEW_7 , Michelle Welch ,
> gerry welch , "Wolridge, Dianna (OIG)"
> , statesattorney
> , Vauxhall Society
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> salamehladadweh , sk8erhater69
> , "Debra.Robinson"
> , Danny Morris , Mr
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>
> Cc: consular , Universal Life Church Online
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> Reply | Reply to all | Forward | Print | Delete | Show original
> http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chatham_House
>
> On 4/7/12, PerfectScience wrote:
>> erfectScience
>> Sat, Apr 7, 2012 at 6:28 AM
>> To: Info@barackobama.com
>> Reply | Reply to all | Forward | Print | Delete | Show original
>> They changed the year Mountbatten died ?? NSA and Skull and Bones or
>> Russell Sage to what he was shot in 1996 ( Bank Stike in Ireland see
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>> Amy Mundo at dinner ( picture and roof top about AL_Shhri funny she
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>> video Walgreen all so Wanda in Poland has it and other
>>
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>>
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>>
>>
>>
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>> piazza , on Harlem , Tinley Park , Illinois
>>
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>>
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>>
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>>
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>> law suits they were at Park Dis Chicago Parks see video with Sue ,
>> Werner friend who cheated Joanne and Bill out 6,thousand dollars and
>> Werner did we called Silvia about this but we did not go father
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>>
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>> her name is all so Jill Doctor in Michigan Doug and Dianne
>>
>> They trying to sell x rated movie of children though their clients
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>>
>>
>>
>>
>>
>>
>>
>> Frank Church
>> From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
>> Jump to: navigation, search
>> For his son, Frank Forrester Church IV, the Unitarian Universalist
>> minister and theologian, see Forrest Church. For the author of the
>> Yes, Virginia, there is a Santa Claus editorial, see Francis
>> Pharcellus Church.
>> Frank Church
>> United States Senator
>> from Idaho
>> In office
>> January 3, 1957 – January 3, 1981
>> Preceded by Herman Welker
>> Succeeded by Steve Symms
>> Chairman of the Senate Committee on Foreign Relations
>> In office
>> January 3, 1979 – January 3, 1981
>> Preceded by John J. Sparkman
>> Succeeded by Charles H. Percy
>> Personal details
>> Born Frank Forrester Church III
>> July 25, 1924
>> Boise, Idaho
>> Died April 7, 1984 (aged 59)
>> Bethesda, Maryland
>> Political party Democratic
>> Spouse(s) Bethine Clark Church
>> Children Frank Forrester Church IV
>> Chase Clark Church
>> Residence Boise
>> Alma mater Stanford Law School (J.D.)
>> Stanford University (B.A.)
>> Profession Attorney
>> Religion Presbyterian
>> Military service
>> Service/branch U.S. Army
>> Years of service 1943-46
>> Battles/wars World War II
>>
>> Frank Forrester Church III (July 25, 1924 – April 7, 1984) was an
>> American lawyer and politician. A member of the Democratic Party, he
>> served as a United States Senator from Idaho from 1957 to 1981.
>>
>> Church was an unsuccessful candidate for the Democratic nomination in
>> the 1976 presidential election, losing to Jimmy Carter. He is known
>> for heading the Church Committee, which investigated abuses in the
>> U.S. intelligence agencies.
>> Contents
>> [hide]
>>
>> 1 Early life
>> 2 Political career
>> 2.1 Vietnam War and Church Committee
>> 2.2 Environmental record and other issues
>> 2.3 Late political career
>> 3 Death and legacy
>> 4 See also
>> 5 Notes
>> 6 Further reading
>> 7 External links
>>
>> [edit] Early life
>>
>> Frank Church was raised in Boise, Idaho. In his youth, Church admired
>> William E. Borah, who then represented Idaho in the United States
>> Senate. Church graduated from Boise High School in 1942, where he
>> served as student body president. As a junior in 1941, he won the
>> American Legion National Oratorical Contest. The prize was sufficient
>> to provide for four years at the college of the winner's choice.
>> Church chose Stanford University, enrolling in 1942.
>>
>> In 1943, Church enlisted in the U.S. Army and served as a military
>> intelligence officer[citation needed] in the China-Burma-India
>> theater. Following his discharge in 1946, he returned to Stanford to
>> complete his education, receiving his bachelor's degree in 1947.
>>
>> Also in 1947, he married Bethine Clark, daughter of Chase A. Clark, a
>> former Democratic governor of Idaho, and entered Harvard Law School.
>> After one year at Harvard, Church transferred to Stanford Law School,
>> when he thought the cold Massachusetts winter was the cause of a pain
>> in his lower back. The pain did not go away and the problem was soon
>> diagnosed as testicular cancer.[1] After one of his testicles and
>> glands in his lower abdomen were removed, Church was given only a few
>> months to live. However, he rebounded from the illness after another
>> doctor started X-ray treatments. This second chance led him to later
>> reflect that "life itself is such a chancy proposition that the only
>> way to live is by taking great chances." In 1950, Church graduated
>> from Stanford Law School and returned to Boise to practice law.
>>
>> Frank and Bethine had two sons, Frank Forrester Church IV, who died in
>> 2009, and Chase Clark Church, who lives in Boise.
>> [edit] Political career
>>
>> Church became an active Democrat in Idaho and after an unsuccessful
>> try for the State Legislature in 1952, he ran for the United States
>> Senate in 1956. After a closely contested primary election against
>> former Senator Glen H. Taylor, Church handily defeated Republican
>> incumbent Herman Welker in the general election. At the age of 32,
>> Church became the fifth youngest member ever to sit in the U.S.
>> Senate. Church was reelected three times (1962, 1968 and 1974), the
>> only Democrat ever to win reelection to the U.S. Senate from Idaho.
>>
>> Upon entering the Senate in January 1957, Church made the mistake of
>> voting on a measure against the wishes of Democratic Majority Leader,
>> Lyndon Johnson, and Johnson punished Church by all but ignoring him
>> for the next six months. Church found solace from Republican Minority
>> Leader, William Knowland. However, Church managed to find his way into
>> Johnson's good graces by providing key assistance in getting the Civil
>> Rights Act of 1957 passed. LBJ was so grateful he made the young
>> Idahoan a veritable protégé, rewarding him with plum assignments, such
>> as a seat on the prestigious Senate Foreign Relations Committee, a
>> position which allowed Church to follow in the footsteps of his idol,
>> William Borah. Recently declassified documents show that the young
>> veteran also challenged his mentor, behind closed doors, after the
>> 1964 incident in the Gulf of Tonkin,[2] making this prescient warning:
>> “In a democracy you cannot expect the people, whose sons are being
>> killed and who will be killed, to exercise their judgment if the truth
>> is concealed from them."
>>
>> In 1967, a recall campaign was waged against Church by Ron Rankin, a
>> Republican county commissioner in Kootenai County in northern Idaho.
>> Rankin unsuccessfully sued Idaho's secretary of state to accept recall
>> petitions. The U.S. District Court for Idaho ruled that the state's
>> recall laws did not apply to U.S. senators and that such a recall
>> would violate the U.S. Constitution. Allan Shepard, Idaho's attorney
>> general at the time, agreed with the court's decision.
>>
>> "It must be pointed out that a United States senator is not a state
>> officer but a federal officer whose position is created by Article I,
>> Section I of the United States Constitution," Shepard wrote in a June
>> 17, 1967, opinion for the secretary of state. "There seems to be no
>> provision for canvassing the votes of a recall election of a United
>> States senator." Most commentators at the time believed that the
>> recall attempt strengthened Church politically by allowing him to play
>> the role of political martyr and he was reelected in the next year's
>> election over Republican Congressman George V. Hansen 60% to 40%.
>> [edit] Vietnam War and Church Committee
>> Further information: Cooper-Church Amendment, Case-Church Amendment,
>> Church Committee
>> From left: Senator Joe Biden, Senator Frank Church and President of
>> Egypt Anwar Sadat after signing Egyptian-Israeli Peace Treaty, 1979
>>
>> Church was a key figure in American foreign policy during the 1970s,
>> and served as chairman of the Senate Committee on Foreign Relations
>> from 1979 to 1981. Following the instinct that led him to ask
>> questions early on (see above), Church was one of the first senators
>> to publicly oppose the Vietnam War in the 1960s, although he had
>> supported the conflict earlier. He was the co-author of two
>> legislative efforts to curtail the war: the Cooper-Church Amendment of
>> 1970, and the Case-Church Amendment of 1973.
>>
>> In September 1970, Church announced on television and in speeches
>> across the country that "the doves had won." Author David F. Schmitz
>> states that Church based his assertion on the fact that two key
>> propositions of the anti-war movement, "A negotiated peace and the
>> withdrawal of American troops," were now official policy. The only
>> debate that remained would be over when to withdraw, not whether to
>> withdraw, and over the meaning of the war. Church concluded:
>> “ "So the last service the doves can perform for their country, is
>> to
>> insist that President Nixon's withdrawal program truly leads to a
>> "Vietnamization" of the war. It must not become a device for lowering
>> — and then perpetuating — an American military presence in South
>> Vietnam for the indefinite future. Our long ordeal in this mistaken
>> war must end. The gathering crisis in our own land, the deepening
>> divisions among our people, the festering, unattended problems here at
>> home, bear far more importantly on the future of our Republic than
>> anything we ever had at stake in Indochina." ”
>>
>>
>> Church argued that the opponents of the Vietnam War needed to prevent
>> the corruption of the nation and its institutions. To Church, the
>> anti-war opposition was the "highest concept of patriotism — which is
>> not the patriotism of conformity — but the patriotism of Senator Carl
>> Schurz, a dissenter from an earlier period, who proclaimed: 'Our
>> country right or wrong. When right, to be kept right: when wrong, to
>> be put right."[3]
>>
>> Church gained national prominence during his service in the Senate
>> through his chairmanship of the Church Committees, which conducted
>> extensive hearings investigating extra-legal FBI and CIA
>> intelligence-gathering and covert operations. Together with Senator
>> Sam Ervin's committee inquiries, the Church Committee hearings laid
>> the groundwork for the Foreign Intelligence Surveillance Act of 1978.
>> The committee also investigated CIA drug smuggling activities in the
>> Golden Triangle and secret U.S.-backed wars in Third World
>> countries.[4][5][6][7]
>> [edit] Environmental record and other issues
>>
>> Church is also remembered for his voting record as a strong
>> progressive and environmental legislator, and he played a major role
>> in the creation of the nation's system of protected wilderness areas
>> in the 1960s. In 1964, Church was the floor sponsor of the national
>> Wilderness Act. In 1968, he sponsored the Wild and Scenic Rivers Act
>> and gained passage of a ten year moratorium on federal plans to
>> transfer water from the Pacific Northwest to California. Working with
>> other members of Congress from northwestern states, Church helped
>> establish the Hells Canyon National Recreation Area along the
>> Oregon-Idaho border, which protected the gorge from dam building. He
>> was also the primary proponent in the establishment of the Sawtooth
>> Wilderness & National Recreation Area in central Idaho in 1972.
>>
>> Church also was instrumental in the creation of Idaho's River of No
>> Return Wilderness in 1980, his final year in the Senate. This
>> wilderness comprised the old Idaho Primitive Area, the Salmon River
>> Breaks Primitive Area, plus additional lands. At 2.36 million acres
>> (9,550 km²), over 3,600 square miles (9,300 km2), it is the largest
>> wilderness area in the nation outside of Alaska. It was renamed the
>> Frank Church-River of No Return Wilderness in March 1984, weeks before
>> his death, and is known regionally as "The Frank."
>>
>> Frank Church was considered a progressive (remarkable considering that
>> he represented one of the most conservative states in the nation);
>> however, not all of his positions were center-left. Throughout his
>> tenure in the Senate, Church was an opponent of gun control
>> legislation. He also, in 1979, was the first in Congress to disclose
>> and protest the presence of Soviet combat troops in Cuba. According to
>> the Christian Science Monitor, this stance somewhat disarmed his
>> opponent's charge in the 1980 campaign that Church's performance on
>> the Foreign Relations Committee had helped to weaken the US
>> militarily.[8] In 1974, Church joined Senator Frank Moss, D-Utah, to
>> sponsor the first legislation to provide federal funding for hospice
>> care programs. The bill did not have widespread support and was not
>> brought to a vote. Congress finally included a hospice benefit in
>> Medicare in 1982.[9]
>>
>> In late 1975 and early 1976, a sub-committee of the U.S. Senate led by
>> Church concluded that members of the Lockheed board had paid members
>> of friendly governments to guarantee contracts for military
>> aircraft[10] in a series of illegal bribes and contributions made by
>> Lockheed officials from the late 1950s to the 1970s. In 1976, it was
>> publicly revealed that Lockheed had paid $22 million in bribes to
>> foreign officials[11] in the process of negotiating the sale of
>> aircraft including the F-104 Starfighter, the so-called "Deal of the
>> Century".
>> [edit] Late political career
>>
>> In 1976, Church sought the Democratic nomination for president.
>> Although he won primaries in Nebraska, Idaho, Oregon and Montana, he
>> withdrew in favor of the eventual nominee, former Georgia governor
>> Jimmy Carter. Church remains the only Idahoan to win a major-party
>> presidential primary election.
>>
>> By June, Carter had the nomination sufficiently locked up and could
>> take time to interview potential vice-presidential candidates. The
>> pundits predicted that Church would be tapped to provide balance as an
>> experienced senator with strong liberal credentials. Church promoted
>> himself, persuading friends to intervene with Carter in his behalf. If
>> a quick choice had been required as in past conventions, Carter later
>> recalled, he would probably have chosen Church. But the longer period
>> for deliberation gave Carter time to worry about his compatibility
>> with the publicity-seeking Church, who had a tendency to be
>> long-winded. Instead, Carter invited Senators Edmund Muskie, John
>> Glenn, and Walter Mondale to visit his home in Plains, Georgia, for
>> personal interviews, while Church, Henry M. Jackson, and Adlai
>> Stevenson III would be interviewed at the convention in New York. Of
>> all the potential candidates, Carter found Mondale the most
>> compatible. As a result, Carter selected Mondale as his running mate.
>>
>> In the late 1970s Church was a main congressional supporter of the
>> Torrijos-Carter Treaties, which proposed to return the Panama Canal to
>> Panama. The latter position proved to be widely unpopular in Idaho and
>> led to the formation of the "Anybody But Church Committee" (ABC),
>> committee created by the National Conservative Political Action
>> Committee (NCPAC), based in Washington, D.C. ABC and NCPAC had no
>> formal connection with the 1980 Senate campaign of conservative
>> Republican congressman Steve Symms, which permitted them, under former
>> Federal election law, to spend as much as they could raise to defeat
>> Church.[12]
>>
>> Church lost in his attempt for a fifth term to Symms by less than one
>> percent of the vote. His defeat was blamed on the activities of the
>> Anybody But Church Committee and the national media's early
>> announcement of Republican presidential candidate Ronald Reagan's
>> overwhelming win in Idaho. These predictions were broadcast before
>> polls closed statewide, specifically in the Pacific Time Zone. Many
>> believed that this caused many Democrats in the more politically
>> moderate Idaho Panhandle to not vote at all. As of 2010, Church is the
>> last Democrat to represent Idaho in the U.S. Senate.
>>
>> Following his 24 years in the Senate, Church practiced international
>> law with the Washington, D.C., firm of Whitman and Ransom,
>> specializing in Asian issues.
>> [edit] Death and legacy
>>
>> Three years after leaving the Senate, Church was hospitalized for a
>> pancreatic tumor on January 12, 1984. Less than three months later, he
>> died at his home in Bethesda, Maryland, on April 7, 1984, at the age
>> of 59. His funeral was held in Boise and televised throughout Idaho.
>> Church was buried at Morris Hill Cemetery in Boise.[13]
>>
>> Church received an honorary doctorate from Pennsylvania's
>> Elizabethtown College in 1983 to honor his work for the American
>> people during his career in public office. His papers, originally
>> given to Stanford University in 1981, were transferred to Boise State
>> University at his request in 1984.
>>
>> Church is widely quoted in regard to the National Security Agency: "I
>> don't want to see this country ever go across the bridge... I know the
>> capacity that is there to make tyranny total in America, and we must
>> see to it that this agency and all agencies that possess this
>> technology operate within the law and under proper supervision, so
>> that we never cross over that abyss. That is the abyss from which
>> there is no return."
>> [edit] See also
>> Portal icon World War II portal
>>
>> Cooper-Church Amendment
>> Case-Church Amendment
>> Frank Church High School - an alternative high school in Boise
>>
>> [edit] Notes
>>
>> ^ "Milestones: Jan. 23, 1984". Time. January 23, 1984. Retrieved
>> May 2, 2010.
>> ^ Bumiller, Elizabeth (14 July 2010). "Records Show Doubts on ’64
>> Vietnam Crisis". New York Times. Retrieved 15 July 2010.
>> ^ Schmitz, David F (2006). The United States and Right-Wing
>> Dictatorships, 1965–1989. Cambridge University Press. ISBN 0521861330.
>> p. 121. Schmitz uses the example of "The Doves Have Won and Don't Know
>> It" September 6, 1970 on CBS television, 2.2/32/IS, FCP; "The Doves
>> Have Won," September 11, 1970 (Source of the "highest concept of
>> patriotism..." quote), speech at Mills College of Education; "The
>> Doves are Winning — Don't Despair," September 26, 1970, speech at
>> Colorado State University and "The Unsung Victory of the Doves,"
>> December 1970, 10.6/8/8 FCP.
>> ^ Knott, Stephen F (November 4 2001). "Congressional Oversight and
>> the Crippling of the CIA". History News Network.
>> ^ Mooney, Chris (November 5 2001). "The American Prospect". Back
>> to Church. Archived from the original on 2006-12-05.
>> ^ Burbach, Roger (October 2003). "State Terrorism and September
>> 11, 1973 & 2001" (– Scholar search). ZMag 16 (10).[dead link]
>> ^ "Debate: Bush's handling of terror clues". Cable News Network.
>> May 19 2002. Retrieved May 2, 2010.
>> ^ Mouat, Lucia (October 16 1980). "It's 'Frank' vs. 'Steve' as
>> Idaho's Church seeks re-election to Senate". Christian Science
>> Monitor: 6.
>> ^ National Hospice and Palliative Care Organization: History of
>> Hospice
>> ^ FJS (German language)
>> ^ Time magazine
>> ^ Lindsay, John J (June 30 1980). Endangered Liberals. p. 20.
>> ^ City of Boise: Morris Hill Cemetery Walking Tour - SENATOR FRANK
>> FORRESTER CHURCH - accessed 2009-09-25
>>
>> [edit] Further reading
>>
>> Ashby, LeRoy. “Frank Church Goes to the Senate: The Idaho Election
>> of 1956.” Pacific Northwest Quarterly 78 (January–April 1987): 17-31.
>> Ashby, LeRoy, and Rod Gramer. Fighting the Odds: The Life of
>> Senator Frank Church. Pullman: Washington State University Press,
>> 1994.
>> Church, F. Forrester. Father and Son: A Personal Biography of
>> Senator Frank Church of Idaho by His Son'
>> Dant, Sara. “Making Wilderness Work: Frank Church and the American
>> Wilderness Movement.” Pacific Historical Review 77 (May 2008):
>> 237-272.
>>
>> Ewert, Sara E. Dant. “The Conversion of Senator Frank Church:
>> Evolution of an Environmentalist.” Ph.D. dissertation, Washington
>> State University, 2000.
>>
>> Ewert, Sara E. Dant. “Evolution of an Environmentalist: Senator
>> Frank Church and the Hells Canyon Controversy.” Montana: The Magazine
>> of Western History 51 (Spring 2001): 36-51.
>>
>> Ewert, Sara E. Dant. “Peak Park Politics: The Struggle over the
>> Sawtooths, from Borah to Church.” Pacific Northwest Quarterly (Summer
>> 2000): 138-149.
>> Hall, Bill. Frank Church, D.C., and Me. Pullman, Washington:
>> Washington State University Press, 1995. ISBN 978-0-87422-119-0
>>
>> [edit] External links
>> Wikimedia Commons has media related to: Frank Church
>>
>> Frank Church at the Biographical Directory of the United States
>> Congress
>> Freedom From Covert Harassment and Surveillance - Victims of FISA
>> Surevillance abuse and criminal torture
>> Boise State University -The Frank Church Institute
>> BSU Library: Special Collections - The Frank Church Papers
>> Frank Church Wilderness - user's guide
>> Boise High School's Hall of Fame - Frank Church
>> Boise School.org - Frank Church High School - about Frank Church
>> Morris Hill Cemetery - Boise, ID - grave of Frank Church
>>
>> Party political offices
>> Preceded by
>> D. Worth Clark Democratic Party nominee, U.S. Senator (Class 3) from
>> Idaho
>> 1956 (won), 1962 (won), 1968 (won), 1974 (won), 1980 (lost) Succeeded
>> by
>> John V. Evans
>> United States Senate
>> Preceded by
>> Herman Welker United States Senator (Class 3) from Idaho
>> January 3, 1957–January 5, 1981
>> Served alongside: Henry Dworshak, Len Jordan, Jim McClure Succeeded
>> by
>> Steve Symms
>> Political offices
>> Preceded by
>> Harrison A. Williams
>> (D-New Jersey) Chairman of the Senate Aging Committee
>> 1971–1979 Succeeded by
>> Lawton Chiles
>> (D-Florida)
>> Preceded by
>> John Sparkman
>> (D-Alabama) Chairman of the Senate Foreign Relations Committee
>> 1979–1981 Succeeded by
>> Charles H. Percy
>> (R-Illinois)
>> Honorary titles
>> Preceded by
>> Russell Long
>> (D-Louisiana) Youngest Member of the United States Senate
>> 1957-1961 Succeeded by
>> John Tower
>> (R-Texas)
>> [show]
>>
>> v
>> t
>> e
>>
>>
>>
>> On 4/7/12, PerfectScience wrote:
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>>>>
>>>> GhazalWelch@gmail.com was names a English form of Dear , Deer
>>>> , or Maha a pen name only a few years ago she nver had AL_Shhri as a
>>>> name nor lived with us as Kuwait know my friend but why is it that the
>>>> people in New York answered an e-mail address to Maha ???? How do they
>>>> know in New York AD companies
>>>> Terry Welch
>>>> March 13
>>>> Terry Welch
>>>>
>>>> Hide Details
>>>>
>>>> FROM:
>>>>
>>>> real person
>>>>
>>>> TO:
>>>>
>>>> Aydoaquaelix welch and Doyuk
>>>> Perfect Science AD Ayterion Ayterion WWW.perfectscience.net
>>>> Mr Ayhan Doyuk-newsletter-english/
>>>> 1 More...
>>>>
>>>> CC:
>>>>
>>>> Werner-Kurt Mayrhuber
>>>> gerry welch
>>>> Aydoaquaelix welch and Doyuk
>>>> Peter Pankow
>>>> dannymorris@iol.ie
>>>> 4 More...
>>>>
>>>> BCC:
>>>>
>>>> Mr Ayhan Doyuk / Not Original fake guero
>>>> Mr Ayhan Doyuk-newsletter-english/
>>>> Aka Maris Stella Zambrano Pinea
>>>> Joe Savage
>>>> Marcelia Terrones
>>>> 39 More...
>>>>
>>>> Message flagged
>>>> Tuesday, March 13, 2012 10:49 AM
>>>> Do u know that Josh cousin Nina is a Palastian ( father in Ind
>>>> court case mother from Whitting , Ind that he pay child support ) they
>>>> Josha that was watched since 14 years old because of this whore James
>>>> Torrence Jesper Mountbatten or Roderick or Skull and BOnes UK Tank
>>>> Park Paul lover lawyer or James friend Steve UOI where they sping on
>>>> the Palestinian lawyer Boyle all so Bridget Storrs for Zion , Micheal
>>>> Rowen , Eric Ekvall , James Mansfield , Flower of Life Spirit of Ma'at
>>>> ,. first cousin of Queen , see 1987 PR
>>>> Angel M_5=6 AL Green and now all so killed Tom Webb and made
>>>> Mike welch being watched and Chris a herion attacked and now remote
>>>> have Josha downtown so James can be famouse star maybe Zegfield
>>>>
>>>> and dancer school lady in Chicago Land school where they wash
>>>> money see Italy the year James goes with Coke , Terri and japanean
>>>> child girl Robin washing money for poor kids arts and rich client s
>>>> drug front
>>>>
>>>> Fwd: Realize the project 1
>>>> Hide Details
>>>>
>>>> FROM:
>>>>
>>>> JSpreit749@aol.com
>>>>
>>>> TO:
>>>>
>>>> tryfl2655@yahoo.com
>>>>
>>>> CC:
>>>>
>>>> butwelger@yahoo.com
>>>>
>>>> Message flagged
>>>> Friday, June 4, 2004 1:36 PM
>>>> Dear Sir,
>>>> In regard to the research "Cancer Treatment" for Doctor
>>>> Belizario.
>>>>
>>>> The best protocol to follow for your project would to be come
>>>> a blender of the formula needed for your patients.
>>>>
>>>> You will purchase a super concentrate that you will blend with
>>>> spring water.
>>>> There will then be a second blending by the patient or who
>>>> ever will dispense to the patients.
>>>> The formula you need for the Cancer patients is called
>>>> CLEAR(tm).
>>>>
>>>> Each 4 oz.(120 cc) super concentrate will equal (23) 4
>>>> oz.(120cc) bottles or total of 92 oz. or 2,760 cc when blended.
>>>> Suggested amount for each patient is 8 oz.(240 cc) per day.
>>>> This initial program is set up for 6 weeks.
>>>>
>>>> If you purchase a minimum of (5) Five, 4 oz. (120 cc) super
>>>> concentrate bottles the cost to you is $138.00 USD each bottle plus
>>>> shipping and handling.
>>>> If you purchase less then the minimum of (5) Five then the
>>>> cost is $276.00 USD each bottle.
>>>>
>>>> Sincerely in best regard.
>>>> 1 Attached file| 3KB
>>>>
>>>> Realize the project.eml
>>>>
>>>>
>>>> CONFIDENTIAL
>>>>
>>>> This >information and is intended only for the use of the
>>>> specific
>>>> individual or individuals to which it is addressed. If you are
>>>> not
>>>> an intended recipient of this e-mail, you are hereby notified
>>>> that
>>>> any unauthorized use, dissemination or copying of this e-mail or
>>>> the information contained herein or attached hereto is strictly
>>>> prohibited. If you receive this e-mail in error, notify the
>>>> person
>>>> named above by
>>>>
>>>> reply e-mail and please delete it.
>>>>
>>>> Thank you.
>>>>
>>>>
>>>>
>>>>
>>>>
>>>>
>>>> http://2.bp.blogspot.com/_hLS2GY1FHBw/SEDR7qL1ymI/AAAAAAAABOY/11vrnX3epFs/s1600-h/FL000020.jpg
>>>> 1 Attached file| 88KB
>>>>
>>>> out7213.jpeg
>>>>
>>>> View Slideshow
>>>> Terry Welch
>>>> March 14
>>>> Terry Welch
>>>>
>>>> http://www.linkedin.com/pub/haydar-haba/9/b79/791
>>>> Haydar Haba | LinkedIn
>>>> www.linkedin.com
>>>> View Haydar Haba's professional profile on LinkedIn. LinkedIn
>>>> is the world's largest business network, helping professionals like
>>>> Haydar Haba discover inside connections to recommended job candidates,
>>>> industry experts, and business partners.
>>>> Share
>>>> Terry Welch
>>>> 2 seconds ago
>>>> Terry Welch
>>>>
>>>>
>>>>
>>>> lattopshistorywarpolitics.yuku.com/topic/184/Slave-Trade-New-Database?page=1#.T2fVmVvDUl4
>>>> Start your own free forum, social network, social community,
>>>> or chat room instantly | Yuku
>>>> www.yuku.com
>>>> Yuku is a universe of free social networking communities
>>>> united by people and their passions. Create a free social networking
>>>> forum instantly or join one of the thousands of social networks,
>>>> forums, and social communities in the YukuVerse.
>>>> Share
>>>>
>>>> Write a reply...
>>>>
>>>>
>>>> --
>>>> ===================================================================================================
>>>> =============================================================================================================================
>>>>
>>>> [image: Clear Flower label star purple
>>>> bg.jpg]
>>>>
>>>>
>>>>
>>>>
>>>>
>>>>
>>>>
>>>>
>>>>
>>>>
>>>> http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=ROKV7h67GVc
>>>>
>>>>
>>>> -------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
>>>> http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Pdht6QS3aLs
>>>>
>>>>
>>>> http://www.cafepress.com/PerfectScience
>>>>
>>>>
>>>> http://perfectsciencetradesecret.webs.com/
>>>> http://www.gulfoilsolution.info/wildlife.html
>>>> http://www.thepetitionsite.com/20/we-the-people-must-act-to-save-the-gulf
>>>>
>>>>
>>>> http://www.thepetitionsite.com/takeaction/728373199?z00m=9431119<l=1179585609
>>>>
>>>>
>>>>
>>>>
>>>> http://perfectwaters.blogspot.com/2010/05/call-for-help-on-gulf-oil-spill.html?spref=fb
>>>
>>>
>>>
>>> --
>>> ===================================================================================================
>>> =============================================================================================================================
>>>
>>>
>>>
>>>
>>>
>>>
>>>
>>>
>>>
>>>
>>>
>>>
>>> http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=ROKV7h67GVc
>>>
>>>
>>> -------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
>>> http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Pdht6QS3aLs
>>>
>>>
>>> http://www.cafepress.com/PerfectScience
>>>
>>>
>>> http://perfectsciencetradesecret.webs.com/
>>> http://www.gulfoilsolution.info/wildlife.html
>>> http://www.thepetitionsite.com/20/we-the-people-must-act-to-save-the-gulf
>>>
>>>
>>> http://www.thepetitionsite.com/takeaction/728373199?z00m=9431119<l=1179585609
>>>
>>>
>>>
>>>
>>> http://perfectwaters.blogspot.com/2010/05/call-for-help-on-gulf-oil-spill.html?spref=fb
>>>
>>
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>
>
> PerfectScience
> Tue, Apr 10, 2012 at 7:37 AM
> To: consular@croatiaemb.org
> Reply | Reply to all | Forward | Print | Delete | Show original
> http://www.gulfoilsolution.info/wildlife.html
>
> On 4/9/12, PerfectScience wrote:
>> http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chatham_House
>>
>
>
> PerfectScience
> Tue, Apr 10, 2012 at 7:37 AM
> To: consular@croatiaemb.org
> Reply | Reply to all | Forward | Print | Delete | Show original
> http://www.gulfoilsolution.info/wildlife.html
> - Show quoted text -
>
>
> PerfectScience
> Tue, Apr 10, 2012 at 7:38 AM
> To: consular@croatiaemb.org
> Reply | Reply to all | Forward | Print | Delete | Show original
> PerfectScience
> Mon, Apr 9, 2012 at 2:33 PM
> To: consular@croatiaemb.org
> Reply | Reply to all | Forward | Print | Delete | Show original
> http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chatham_House
>
>
> PerfectScience
> Mon, Apr 9, 2012 at 2:34 PM
> To: info , Hope Thompson ,
> realtybr , "dnv.dowe" ,
> MEW_7 , Michelle Welch ,
> gerry welch , "Wolridge, Dianna (OIG)"
> , statesattorney
> , Vauxhall Society
> , Marcelia Terrones ,
> scienceofspirit , stucki
> , Omar Shesha ,
> salamehladadweh , sk8erhater69
> , "Debra.Robinson"
> , Danny Morris , Mr
> Ayhan Doyuk-newsletter-english/
>
> Cc: consular , Universal Life Church Online
> , "oig.hotline" , oloann
>
> - Show quoted text -
> Reply | Reply to all | Forward | Print | Delete | Show original
>
>
> PerfectScience
> Tue, Apr 10, 2012 at 7:37 AM
> To: consular@croatiaemb.org
> Reply | Reply to all | Forward | Print | Delete | Show original
> http://www.gulfoilsolution.info/wildlife.html
>
> On 4/9/12, PerfectScience wrote:
>> http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chatham_House
>>
>
> Your message has been sent.
>
> PerfectScience
> Tue, Apr 10, 2012 at 7:37 AM
> To: consular@croatiaemb.org
> Reply | Reply to all | Forward | Print | Delete | Show original
> http://www.gulfoilsolution.info/wildlife.html
> - Show quoted text -
> Quick Reply
> To: consular@croatiaemb.org
> - Show quoted text -
> Reply | Reply to all | Forward | Print | Delete | Show original
>
>
> PerfectScience
> Tue, Apr 10, 2012 at 7:43 AM
> To: consular@croatiaemb.org
> Reply | Reply to all | Forward | Print | Delete | Show original
> ttp://www.topix.net/forum/milwaukee/T3PLVKI3VEHPQ0IQM/p3
>
>
> PerfectScience
> Fri, Apr 6, 2012 at 11:20 AM
> To: voices@ericekvall.com
> Reply | Reply to all | Forward | Print | Delete | Show original
> http://www.topix.net/forum/milwaukee/T3PLVKI3VEHPQ0IQM/p3
>
> Your message has been sent.
>
> PerfectScience
> Tue, Apr 10, 2012 at 7:42 AM
> To: voices@ericekvall.com
> Reply | Reply to all | Forward | Print | Delete | Show original
> AMaltbia@prairiestate.edu
>
> On 4/6/12, PerfectScience wrote:
>> http://www.topix.net/forum/milwaukee/T3PLVKI3VEHPQ0IQM/p3
>>
> Quick Reply
> To: voices@ericekvall.com
> - Show quoted text -
> Reply | Reply to all | Forward | Print | Delete | Show original
>
> Your message has been sent.
>
> PerfectScience
> Tue, Apr 10, 2012 at 8:01 AM
> To: consular@croatiaemb.org
> Reply | Reply to all | Forward | Print | Delete | Show original
> sk8erhater69@gmail.com
>
> http://chicago.blockshopper.com/property/32172210010000/403_grosvenor/
>
> Ted owns apartment building by Saint James on Ott
> by Anne friend funeral home where they all so took him his father
> Stone Container Building and Washington , Virgina , New York and other
> Robert Monroe Jason Group
>
> This is Louie Gaza e-mail girlfriend Sam
>
> Anne friends and all so Reinheart on Ott Blv , Chicago Heights see
> film they took him father in Aska
> - Show quoted text -
> Quick Reply
> To: consular@croatiaemb.org
> Quick Reply
> To: realtybr@gmail.com
>
>
> On 4/6/12, PerfectScience wrote:
>> PerfectScience
>> Fri, Apr 6, 2012 at 10:47 AM
>> To: statesattorney@cookcountyil.gov
>> Cc: ayhandoyuk@gmail.com
>> Reply | Reply to all | Forward | Print | Delete | Show original
>> e
>> Fri, Apr 6, 2012 at 10:33 AM
>> To: info@barackobama.com
>> Reply | Reply to all | Forward | Print | Delete | Show original
>> http://consultant.com/
>>
>> This people are a front please have Eric Ekvall , Micheal Rowen , Jim
>> Manfield in Jamica ( Oliver North Jamica , bullet proof vest Turkey
>> Gulf war 1990 brother of Carolos working under Comee stop work with a
>> man named Ted Greek North Sub of Chicago work with Farm Working see
>> Paris phone list in 1990 Doug Ellis who stated in real record that
>> Haydar , and I were being famed and all so this man James manfield
>> came to my house to stop the sells of bullet proof vest see fake law
>> firm of Barabara Susman ( Wacker Drive in the 1990 who wanted to cheat
>> the sale man of Point Blank Robert Peeze see telphone before trip to
>> Paris
>>
>>
>>
>> On 4/6/12, PerfectScience wrote:
>>
>> - Show quoted text -
>> Quick Reply
>> To: statesattorney@cookcountyil.gov
>> To all: statesattorney@cookcountyil.gov, ayhandoyuk@gmail.com
>>
>
YouTube - Videos from this email
PerfectScience

10:38 AM (3 hours ago)


to James.Silverwo., info
PerfectScience

9:32 AM (1 hour ago)


to consular
http://www.reuters.com/article/2012/04/10/us-spain-royals-idUSBRE8390RH20120410


Contact about Ayhan , and me

they trying to fame him and that Hollywood , Jason Group and Rothchild call be careful get protection and from CIA bank in Spain Charter Trading and their contact ask and all bank William my cattle Ira 8 million dollar stolen by small chamber of commerce ( Clinton , Comee see phone record about Joanne got call from Iran 815-838-7629 , Randall Miller see can call now see him go to him and his record they have Comee target or tom sullivan or they Hollywood trying to fame him or Tom Woodward , see Rothchild shiping out Ankra , and make them Eric show record Israel or Micheal Rowen and

Baron Jacob Rothchild and Unversity of Ok Lawyer with did land in OK from Ira Boggs who is breeder for AL Gore see ALl Gore and all so Tom Webb
PerfectScience

9:42 AM (52 minutes ago)


to consular
See tape of Randall talk in Sarasota Charter is watching has contact and they make deal in Greece with our cattle we were not paid Ira Bogg , Randall Miller

eight million they steal the cattle Charter Trading or Balckwater Channey and from Small commerce dept to Russsia Roth child they mite be faming them I think yes hollywood drugged him and man in black suit maybe countess in Austria father Mason money ask for all scret money account check what stole to fix orders again right

and they get paid Charter Trading
King of Spain about us , and Hollywood fame up , and AL -Harpi , Prince of Spain , and England related to me not anne or Ayhan see hotel from grandma side me see tape Channey and Secretary Rice before State department oil and all tapes including about Spain , and Cattle black water
PerfectScience

9:45 AM (50 minutes ago)


to consular
http://topics.nytimes.com/topics/reference/timestopics/people/j/king_of_spain_juan_carlos_i/index.html

Get with all Saudi , Muslum country now work together now and Spain and now
PerfectScience

9:47 AM (48 minutes ago)


to consular
http://www.nytimes.com/2011/12/30/world/europe/spain-kings-son-in-law-summoned-to-court-over-fraud-allegations.html?_r=1&ref=kingofspainjuancarlosi
PerfectScience

9:48 AM (47 minutes ago)


to consular
See all order now book and we work on this fit what Rothschild did now for Palestine
PerfectScience

9:53 AM (41 minutes ago)


to consular
Channey stole cattle Blackwater from Turkey Ira 8 million see Ira Bogg call on Joanne Spreitzer phone 815-838-7629 around ayhan Doyuk Dead Beat web site went to all so Charter Trading phone record

and all so Secretary Rice in science new york all the time Oil company and and make her talk

and all ca bit including DOD now
and charge their company with Rothchild who stole Ira cattle they did though small dept of Commerce to Russia they are blackmailing people free them to talk and they will give a NGO and make peace real strong for Palestinian people
PerfectScience

9:55 AM (40 minutes ago)


to consular
See Prince Spain , England ( ALL Harpi of Syria Ottomen related to me not Anne , or Ayhan
PerfectScience

10:09 AM (25 minutes ago)


to consular
see Spain this what Mounbatten want get them away from Anne not anne in line me

and stay away from me my family they killed in Ireland see 1976 films England queen cousin Mayo , all of it they have it court order , and all so my cloths Hilton Melbourne , Florida and all so Thursday see Omar , see Haydar ( make Mary come to you my sister about Haydar give proction to talk and John , and Wendy and Kurt , and Kathy , if Kathy lies about uncle he lies CIA and control he put them in skull and bones for money and ask his network now

See Kathy Neighbor Palatine Rockchild Eric Ekvall spying on Mosqu in Orland Park , Illinois ask all account now in CIA and OSS now and they can be Jews in CIA or Irish Eric was kick out for being Jewish see tapes of Stella my house on Jamica Cove , Cocoa Beach , Florida after flood and all so in Nov 1999 and Doctor Arme DO office all cal
...

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